1. Foundations of ESS1.1 Environmental Value Systems0/01.1.1 Definition of EVS1.1.2 Types of EVS1.1.3 Evolution of EVS1.2 Systems & Models0/01.2.1 Introduction to Systems1.2.2 Types of Models1.2.3 Application of Models1.3 Energy & Equilibria0/01.3.1 Laws of Thermodynamics1.3.2 Dynamic Equilibrium1.3.3 Energy Transfers1.4 Sustainability0/01.4.1 Definition of Sustainability1.4.2 Principles of Sustainability1.4.3 Challenges to Sustainability1.5 Humans & Pollution0/01.5.1 Types of Pollution1.5.2 Causes of Pollution1.5.3 Impact of Pollution1. Foundations of ESS1.1 Environmental Value Systems0/01.1.1 Definition of EVS1.1.2 Types of EVS1.1.3 Evolution of EVS1.2 Systems & Models0/01.2.1 Introduction to Systems1.2.2 Types of Models1.2.3 Application of Models1.3 Energy & Equilibria0/01.3.1 Laws of Thermodynamics1.3.2 Dynamic Equilibrium1.3.3 Energy Transfers1.4 Sustainability0/01.4.1 Definition of Sustainability1.4.2 Principles of Sustainability1.4.3 Challenges to Sustainability1.5 Humans & Pollution0/01.5.1 Types of Pollution1.5.2 Causes of Pollution1.5.3 Impact of Pollution2. Ecosystems & Ecology2.1 Species & Populations0/02.1.1 Definition of Species2.1.2 Population Growth Patterns2.1.3 Population Distribution2.1.4 Niche and Habitat2.2 Communities & Ecosystems0/02.2.1 Community Structure2.2.2 Trophic Interactions2.2.3 Symbiotic Relationships2.2.4 Keystone Species2.3 Flows of Energy & Matter0/02.3.1 Primary & Secondary Productivity2.3.2 Nutrient Cycles Overview2.3.3 Carbon Cycle2.3.4 Nitrogen Cycle2.4 Biomes, Zonation & Succession0/02.5 Investigating Ecosystems0/02.5.1 Fieldwork Techniques2.5.2 Statistical Analysis2.5.3 Ethical Considerations in Fieldwork2. Ecosystems & Ecology2.1 Species & Populations0/02.1.1 Definition of Species2.1.2 Population Growth Patterns2.1.3 Population Distribution2.1.4 Niche and Habitat2.2 Communities & Ecosystems0/02.2.1 Community Structure2.2.2 Trophic Interactions2.2.3 Symbiotic Relationships2.2.4 Keystone Species2.3 Flows of Energy & Matter0/02.3.1 Primary & Secondary Productivity2.3.2 Nutrient Cycles Overview2.3.3 Carbon Cycle2.3.4 Nitrogen Cycle2.4 Biomes, Zonation & Succession2.5 Investigating Ecosystems0/02.5.1 Fieldwork Techniques2.5.2 Statistical Analysis2.5.3 Ethical Considerations in Fieldwork3. Biodiversity & Conservation3.1 An Introduction to Biodiversity0/03.1.1 Genetic Diversity3.1.2 Species Diversity3.1.3 Ecosystem Diversity3.1.4 Measuring Biodiversity3.2 Origins of Biodiversity0/03.2.1 Natural Selection3.2.2 Adaptive Radiation3.2.3 Geological Events & Biodiversity3.2.4 Human Influence on Biodiversity3.3 Threats to Biodiversity0/03.3.1 Deforestation3.3.2 Pollution & Biodiversity3.3.3 Climate Change3.3.4 Overharvesting3.3.5 Urbanisation3.4 Conservation of Biodiversity0/03.4.1 Protected Areas3.4.2 Wildlife Corridors3.4.3 Captive Breeding & Reintroduction3.4.4 Conservation Education3.4.5 International Conservation Efforts3. Biodiversity & Conservation3.1 An Introduction to Biodiversity0/03.1.1 Genetic Diversity3.1.2 Species Diversity3.1.3 Ecosystem Diversity3.1.4 Measuring Biodiversity3.2 Origins of Biodiversity0/03.2.1 Natural Selection3.2.2 Adaptive Radiation3.2.3 Geological Events & Biodiversity3.2.4 Human Influence on Biodiversity3.3 Threats to Biodiversity0/03.3.1 Deforestation3.3.2 Pollution & Biodiversity3.3.3 Climate Change3.3.4 Overharvesting3.3.5 Urbanisation3.4 Conservation of Biodiversity0/03.4.1 Protected Areas3.4.2 Wildlife Corridors3.4.3 Captive Breeding & Reintroduction3.4.4 Conservation Education3.4.5 International Conservation Efforts4. Water & Aquatic Food Production Systems & Societies4.1 Introduction to Water Systems0/04.1.1 Hydrological Cycle4.1.2 Freshwater vs. Saltwater4.1.3 Aquifers & Groundwater4.2 Access to Fresh Water0/04.2.1 Water Scarcity4.2.2 Water Management4.2.3 Water Pollution4.3 Aquatic Food Production Systems0/04.4 Water Pollution0/04.4.1 Types of Water Pollutants4.4.2 Eutrophication4.4.3 Water Treatment4. Water & Aquatic Food Production Systems & Societies4.1 Introduction to Water Systems0/04.1.1 Hydrological Cycle4.1.2 Freshwater vs. Saltwater4.1.3 Aquifers & Groundwater4.2 Access to Fresh Water0/04.2.1 Water Scarcity4.2.2 Water Management4.2.3 Water Pollution4.3 Aquatic Food Production Systems4.4 Water Pollution0/04.4.1 Types of Water Pollutants4.4.2 Eutrophication4.4.3 Water Treatment5. Soil Systems & Terrestrial Food Production Systems & SocietiesPremium5.1 Introduction to Soil Systems0/05.1.1 Soil Composition Basics5.1.2 Mineral ComponentsSoil Organic Matter5.1.4 Soil Water Dynamics5.1.5 Soil Profiles & Horizons5.2 Terrestrial Food Production Systems & Food Choices0/05.2.1 Traditional Farming Practices5.2.2 Modern Agricultural Innovations5.2.3 Agroecology & Sustainable Practices5.2.4 Impact of Pesticides & Fertiliser5.2.5 Dietary Choices & Carbon Footprint5.3 Soil Degradation & Conservation0/05.3.1 Erosion Mechanisms5.3.2 Salinisation & Sodification5.3.3 Soil Compaction5.3.4 Soil Conservation Techniques5.3.5 Role of Agroforestry5. Soil Systems & Terrestrial Food Production Systems & SocietiesPremium5.1 Introduction to Soil Systems0/05.1.1 Soil Composition Basics5.1.2 Mineral ComponentsSoil Organic Matter5.1.4 Soil Water Dynamics5.1.5 Soil Profiles & Horizons5.2 Terrestrial Food Production Systems & Food Choices0/05.2.1 Traditional Farming Practices5.2.2 Modern Agricultural Innovations5.2.3 Agroecology & Sustainable Practices5.2.4 Impact of Pesticides & Fertiliser5.2.5 Dietary Choices & Carbon Footprint5.3 Soil Degradation & Conservation0/05.3.1 Erosion Mechanisms5.3.2 Salinisation & Sodification5.3.3 Soil Compaction5.3.4 Soil Conservation Techniques5.3.5 Role of Agroforestry6. Atmospheric Systems & SocietiesPremium6.1 Introduction to the Atmosphere0/06.1.1 Major Gases in the Atmosphere6.1.2 Role of Greenhouse Gases6.1.3 Atmospheric Pressure & Temperature6.1.4 Solar Radiation & Earth's Albedo6.2 Stratospheric Ozone0/06.2.1 Chemistry of Ozone Formation6.2.2 Role of CFCs in Ozone Depletion6.2.3 Monitoring Ozone Levels6.2.4 Global Efforts in Ozone Conservation6.3 Photochemical Smog0/06.3.1 Primary vs. Secondary Pollutants6.3.2 Nitrogen Oxides & VOCs6.3.3 Urban vs. Rural Smog6.3.4 Technological Solutions to Reduce Smog6.4 Acid Deposition0/06.4.1 Sources of Acidic Pollutants6.4.2 Soil & Water Buffering6.4.3 Impact on Aquatic Ecosystems6.4.4 Building Materials & Acid Rain6. Atmospheric Systems & SocietiesPremium6.1 Introduction to the Atmosphere0/06.1.1 Major Gases in the Atmosphere6.1.2 Role of Greenhouse Gases6.1.3 Atmospheric Pressure & Temperature6.1.4 Solar Radiation & Earth's Albedo6.2 Stratospheric Ozone0/06.2.1 Chemistry of Ozone Formation6.2.2 Role of CFCs in Ozone Depletion6.2.3 Monitoring Ozone Levels6.2.4 Global Efforts in Ozone Conservation6.3 Photochemical Smog0/06.3.1 Primary vs. Secondary Pollutants6.3.2 Nitrogen Oxides & VOCs6.3.3 Urban vs. Rural Smog6.3.4 Technological Solutions to Reduce Smog6.4 Acid Deposition0/06.4.1 Sources of Acidic Pollutants6.4.2 Soil & Water Buffering6.4.3 Impact on Aquatic Ecosystems6.4.4 Building Materials & Acid Rain7. Climate Change & Energy ProductionPremium7.1 Energy Choices & Security0/07.1.1 Coal Extraction & Use7.1.2 Oil: Reserves & Drilling7.1.3 Natural Gas & Fracking7.1.4 Solar Energy Technologies7.1.5 Wind Energy: Onshore & Offshore7.1.6 Hydroelectric Power7.1.7 Geothermal Energy Exploration7.1.8 Nuclear Energy: Fission vs. Fusion7.2 Climate Change: Causes & Impacts0/07.2.1 Natural vs. Anthropogenic Causes7.2.2 Deforestation & Carbon Emissions7.2.3 Industrial Processes & Emissions7.2.4 Transportation & Carbon Footprint7.2.5 Polar Ice Melt & Sea Level Rise7.2.6 Ocean Acidification7.3 Climate Change: Mitigation & Adaptation0/07.3.1 Carbon Capture & Storage7.3.2 Reforestation & Afforestation7.3.3 Kyoto vs. Paris Agreements7.3.4 Urban Planning & Climate Adaptation7.3.5 Role of Green Technologies7. Climate Change & Energy ProductionPremium7.1 Energy Choices & Security0/07.1.1 Coal Extraction & Use7.1.2 Oil: Reserves & Drilling7.1.3 Natural Gas & Fracking7.1.4 Solar Energy Technologies7.1.5 Wind Energy: Onshore & Offshore7.1.6 Hydroelectric Power7.1.7 Geothermal Energy Exploration7.1.8 Nuclear Energy: Fission vs. Fusion7.2 Climate Change: Causes & Impacts0/07.2.1 Natural vs. Anthropogenic Causes7.2.2 Deforestation & Carbon Emissions7.2.3 Industrial Processes & Emissions7.2.4 Transportation & Carbon Footprint7.2.5 Polar Ice Melt & Sea Level Rise7.2.6 Ocean Acidification7.3 Climate Change: Mitigation & Adaptation0/07.3.1 Carbon Capture & Storage7.3.2 Reforestation & Afforestation7.3.3 Kyoto vs. Paris Agreements7.3.4 Urban Planning & Climate Adaptation7.3.5 Role of Green Technologies8. Human Systems & Resource UsePremium8.1 Population Dynamics0/08.1.1 Population Growth Patterns8.1.2 Demographic Transition Model8.1.3 Factors Influencing Population Growth8.1.4 Population Pyramids8.2 Resource Use in Society0/08.2.1 Types of Resources8.2.2 Ecological Footprint8.2.3 Sustainability & Resource Management8.2.4 Overconsumption & Its Impacts8.3 Energy & Equitable Resource Use0/08.3.1 Global Energy Consumption Patterns8.3.2 Energy Efficiency & Conservation8.3.3 Equity in Resource Distribution8.3.4 Role of Technology in Resource Equity8.4 Sustainability & Conservation0/08.4.1 Sustainable Development Goals8.4.2 Conservation Strategies8.4.3 Role of Indigenous Knowledge8.4.4 Challenges to Sustainable Development8. Human Systems & Resource UsePremium8.1 Population Dynamics0/08.1.1 Population Growth Patterns8.1.2 Demographic Transition Model8.1.3 Factors Influencing Population Growth8.1.4 Population Pyramids8.2 Resource Use in Society0/08.2.1 Types of Resources8.2.2 Ecological Footprint8.2.3 Sustainability & Resource Management8.2.4 Overconsumption & Its Impacts8.3 Energy & Equitable Resource Use0/08.3.1 Global Energy Consumption Patterns8.3.2 Energy Efficiency & Conservation8.3.3 Equity in Resource Distribution8.3.4 Role of Technology in Resource Equity8.4 Sustainability & Conservation0/08.4.1 Sustainable Development Goals8.4.2 Conservation Strategies8.4.3 Role of Indigenous Knowledge8.4.4 Challenges to Sustainable Development